ARE YOU IN UNIVERSE OR MULTIVERSE?

Physics is a very mysterious subject. Anything which you can’t see or you are unable to visualize but can feel its presence or know that it really exists in the world, obviously puzzles our thought. It makes us feel very afraid, too curious to know, and feels our mind to be filled with all sorts of weird thoughts. Think of an instance, you are alone in your room, and you can feel the presence of someone in your room but you can’t see it. Obviously, you will be petrified and have goose bumps in your body. Have you ever thought, that a day will come when your existence on this planet will be questioned..!? Or one day, you woke up from your sleep in morning, took the newspaper in your hand and the headline of the first page is something like this: TWIN OF US HAVE BEEN ULTIMATELY DISCOVERED. Obviously you will be having the first thought in your mind that, are the scientists are employed in order to find our twins?

                But if the truth is spoken, we live in a mysterious world and everything around us is mysterious. Have you ever thought while standing near a table fan that from where this air is coming which we can’t see at all!!!!! Have you ever thought what would happen if suddenly the earth’s gigantic field vanishes one day…!? Many will come with huge formulas and theories to explain all the above conditions, but have you ever seen air around you or gravitational field in earth? You can either feel it or prove it theoretically. And physics deal with all these things which you can feel but can’t see. So obviously physics will be a mysterious subject.

                There are many things in physics which have been explained by theories, proved mathematically of its existence, you can see various consequences due to presence of those invisible things around you, but you will never be able to see those invisible things. Earth’s Gravitational Force, Electromagnetic Force, Magnetic Force, are few examples among many, of all these solved mysteries. But our world, has still lot of mysteries to be uncurtained.  And in these decade the most heated topic is “Whether we are present in Universe or Multiverse?”  Cosmology has become one of the burning topic of the recent years in which many scientists are continuously indulging themselves to bring out various new theories to solve the mystery of Multiverse.

                There can be possibility that you are not alone. There are many duplicates of yours. Not only yours, but of everybody else. But if this theory comes to be true then where they are and why can’t we see them or, touch them? This answer may lie beyond our solar system, beyond our Milky Way Galaxy, beyond other galaxies and finally beyond our universe. Beyond our universe, you may find that our universe is not the special one, but it is similar to that of the other universe. We may be having various other neighboring universes, may be some with extremely different properties than our universe, some may be resembling our universe in some way or the other and there may be some universes which is exactly same of ours. There may be a similar galaxy like ours one, i.e., Milky Way Galaxy, solar system is present with various planets and there may be planet like ours where exactly like us, species are present.

                Many centuries back, the dark sky was full of mysteries with many unscientific myths, when Earth was considered to be the centre and everything else like sun and stars used to revolve around us. But people like Copernicus and Galileo appeared and told us that it’s not the Earth, but the Sun which is the Centre and many other planets including ours revolve around Sun. It was discovered that solar system is part of Milky Way Galaxy. And it’s not the end but later found out that billions of galaxies like us resembles universe.  All these ideas sounded outrageous at the time of the theories were proposed but today we don’t even question them. But this topic is one step ahead: Whether our universe or multiverse?

Moving back to 1929, when everyone used to think that space is static, then Edwin Hubble came with certain magical discoveries that’s proving that space is not static, it’s expanding, it is having some rate of expansion. But maybe the expansion is slowing down. But, at 1990, when two astronomers after laborious experiments and observations on various remote heavenly bodies putting them in chart to observe the type of movement, they came out with an amazing contradiction. The universe is not slowing down but instead its speed is increasing from the time. Let’s take an instance. If we take a stretchable cloth thinking it to be the fabric of the universe. We stitched three small pearls on the cloth substituting the heavenly bodies in the space. So when we expand the cloth we can observe that the pearls are moving away from each other. And the rate at which it will separate depends on the person who is stretching. Similarly when it comes to macro world, the fabric of universe is expanding at a higher rate with the objects on it separating. But who or what force is making the universe expand with time?

                So this force can be explained more confidently by Einstein’s relative theory. Now Einstein’s relative theory composed of two types of theory: Special Theory and General Theory. Special Theory is related with all those phenomena which had occurred if we had existed in a world without any gravitational force. General theory is all about the Gravitational Force and every phenomena related with Gravitational Force. Now, years back when Newton one day saw an apple falling down to Earth, he founded the Gravitational Force which only described that this force attracts each other, but Einstein later said that Gravitational Force not only attracts but also repels each other, naming this phenomena as INFLATION.

                Now why this Inflation occurs? The reason of this Inflation is of Dark Energy. The space between the different bodies in universe is filled up with a uniform invisible energy like a uniform invisible mist and the force generated by them is repulsive gravity, which will make them to move far away from each other at a greater speed. Now the speed by which the space is expanding can be calculated if we can find out how much the dark energy space occupied. The number which has been found is really peculiar and exceedingly large which is like this…………………………..

 Now many of us will think that that this really small number is of no use and it doesn’t matter anything in our universe but to speak frank, this exceedingly small numbers do matter the specify the nature of the particle and this gives the possibility for the presence of multiple universes. This idea has been evoked from String Theory.

                Now to understand better about this multiverse, we have to understand WHAT IS STRING THEORY? String Theory was discovered in order to unify all the other forces in the nature. Let’s take an instance which will make of us clear. A candle stand. Now if we go down into the candle stand, we have atoms. Deep inside atoms there are innumerable number of electrons swarming around nucleus made of protons and neutrons. Even neutrons and protons are having smaller particles in them called quarks. When we observe much deeper into these quarks, we can see vibrating strings. Now these emerges the string theory. Strings vibrate in different frequencies determining the varieties in properties of the particle. These particles thus determines the nature of the object. From these string theory another contradiction arose that there may exist more dimensions other the 3-dimension that we still know. It has been found that besides the 3- dimensions which we can see by our naked eyes there may be other dimensions that are so small, so microscopic that we can’t see them even through our best microscope invented till today.  Super string theory suggests that there are only 10 dimensions consisting of 9 space dimensions and 1 time dimension. In M theory, there are 11 dimensions comprising of 9 space dimensions, 1 time dimension and 1 energy dimension.

                Now, we don’t know the actual shapes of these extra dimensions as we can’t visualize them. We know only some of the candidate shapes that are allowed by math, i.e., theoretically proved. These theoretical shapes are millions in number and from this the possibility comes that, these each shapes may represent different types of universe. Now the question asked by the scientists is that, why we humans are surviving in this universe not in others? The answer is simple because of the amount of dark energy present in our universe. Other universes having higher amount of dark energy not allowing to clump the stars, and galaxies to form not allowing the formation of life. Again in those universe where dark energy is lesser, it falls back again not suitable for lives. And in our universe, we have a fixed amount of dark energy that is extremely suitable for the life to exist.

                Now, when we talk about the historic bang, i.e., THE BIG BANG. This big bang has been initiated by quantum field, a type of fuel or energy that can generate by its own and can make the space rush outwards. But by the INFLATIONARY COSMOLOGY, scientists proved that this bang is not a special one for us, but this is one of the common one like many other bang that happened and led the path for millions and billions of other universes and or universe is one of the bubble in the grand cosmic bubble bath in universe. Now, each of this universes will be having different extra-dimensional, that means it will have different physical shapes, different physical properties with different amount of dark energy. And we exist here because the dark energy quantity allows the suitable conditions to prevail and we can survive here.

Let us take an example of A DECK OF CARDS which contains of 52 different cards. We have to distribute the cards among three people. If we deal them, then everyone will get a different hand. But over the course of many, many rounds eventually some of the combinations will start to repeat. That because with 52 cards there is a limited number of different hands to deal. So repetition in combination is quite familiar. And if we consider multiverse, it also follows similar principle. With the laws of nature, having limited numbers of fundamental materials of matter and particles, repetition of formation of similar universe in this unlimited space is quite not surprising.

                Now, the question comes that whether one day we would be able to prove the existence of other universes? For your knowledge, this might happen one day. One day the cosmologists may discover other universes. As the space is not statics and is expanding so other universe may collide with our universe and we can observe the different temperature change leading to the formation of hot and cold spots. Besides this there may be another event that may happen. As our space is not static and continues to expand at a greater speed, one day it might happen that all the other universes, galaxies and stars would move far away from our technological reach due to dynamic condition of space fabric and ultimately there would be a dark inky space and the future cosmologist can end up with the idea that our solar system is the center of the entire space.

So, at the end, I want to say a single thing that no one knows what will happen to us in our next second. Scientists are continuously doing their research to find out whether we are the single one or not in this entire galaxy. So, till then we common man lets wait for that day when you all will wake up, take the newspaper reading the headlines, "TWINS DISCOVERED"